3. LDAP Injection

LDAP Injection is less commonly discussed but just as dangerous, targeting directory services like Active Directory. By manipulating LDAP queries, attackers can bypass authentication processes or extract sensitive directory information.

For instance, an insecure LDAP implementation could allow an attacker to add malicious input to a login query, enabling them to authenticate as another user or access restricted data.

How to Protect Yourself:

• Sanitisation: Thoroughly clean and validate all user inputs before incorporating them into LDAP queries.
• Least Privilege Access: Limit user permissions so that even if an LDAP Injection occurs, the damage is contained.
• Secure Coding Practices: Use libraries or APIs designed to protect against LDAP Injection by escaping special characters.

4. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

CSRF exploits the trust that a website has in a user’s browser. If a user is logged into a web application, attackers can trick them into performing unintended actions like transferring money, changing account settings, or deleting data—all without their knowledge.

This vulnerability usually works by embedding malicious links or scripts into web pages or emails. When a logged-in user interacts with these, their browser unknowingly sends authenticated requests to the target application.

How to Protect Yourself:

• Anti-CSRF Tokens: Include unique tokens in forms or requests to verify that actions are coming from authorised users.
• Reauthentication for Sensitive Actions: Require users to log in again before completing critical operations.
• SameSite Cookies: Set cookies with the SameSite attribute to prevent them from being sent with cross-site requests.

5. Insecure Cryptographic Storage

When sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, or personal data isn’t stored securely, it becomes an easy target for attackers. This vulnerability arises when weak encryption algorithms, poorly implemented encryption methods, or mismanaged encryption keys are used.

For example, storing passwords in plain text or using outdated encryption methods like MD5 can leave sensitive data vulnerable to theft.

How to Protect Yourself:

• Strong Encryption Algorithms: Use robust encryption standards like AES-256 to protect sensitive data.
• Hash Passwords Properly: Apply strong hashing algorithms like bcrypt or Argon2, combined with salts, to secure user passwords.
• Key Management: Implement strict policies for managing and rotating encryption keys to prevent unauthorised access.

Stay Ahead of Cyber Threats

Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility, and being aware of these vulnerabilities is your first step towards a more secure environment. Whether you’re developing software, managing IT systems, or safeguarding data, adopting these best practices will strengthen your defences.

As we prepare for the challenges of 2025, let’s stay informed, proactive, and committed to protecting our digital world. Together, we can make the internet a safer place for everyone.